module Gem

RubyGems is the Ruby standard for publishing and managing third party libraries.

For user documentation, see:

For gem developer documentation see:

Further RubyGems documentation can be found at:

RubyGems Plugins

RubyGems will load plugins in the latest version of each installed gem or $LOAD_PATH. Plugins must be named ‘rubygems_plugin’ (.rb, .so, etc) and placed at the root of your gem’s require_path. Plugins are installed at a special location and loaded on boot.

For an example plugin, see the Graph gem which adds a gem graph command.

RubyGems Defaults, Packaging

RubyGems defaults are stored in lib/rubygems/defaults.rb. If you’re packaging RubyGems or implementing Ruby you can change RubyGems’ defaults.

For RubyGems packagers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/operating_system.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.

For Ruby implementers, provide lib/rubygems/defaults/#{RUBY_ENGINE}.rb and override any defaults from lib/rubygems/defaults.rb.

If you need RubyGems to perform extra work on install or uninstall, your defaults override file can set pre/post install and uninstall hooks. See Gem::pre_install, Gem::pre_uninstall, Gem::post_install, Gem::post_uninstall.

Bugs

You can submit bugs to the RubyGems bug tracker on GitHub

Credits

RubyGems is currently maintained by Eric Hodel.

RubyGems was originally developed at RubyConf 2003 by:

Contributors:

(If your name is missing, PLEASE let us know!)

License

See LICENSE.txt for permissions.

Thanks!

-The RubyGems Team

Provides 3 methods for declaring when something is going away.

+deprecate(name, repl, year, month)+:

Indicate something may be removed on/after a certain date.

+rubygems_deprecate(name, replacement=:none)+:

Indicate something will be removed in the next major RubyGems version,
and (optionally) a replacement for it.

rubygems_deprecate_command:

Indicate a RubyGems command (in +lib/rubygems/commands/*.rb+) will be
removed in the next RubyGems version.

Also provides skip_during for temporarily turning off deprecation warnings. This is intended to be used in the test suite, so deprecation warnings don’t cause test failures if you need to make sure stderr is otherwise empty.

Example usage of deprecate and rubygems_deprecate:

class Legacy
  def self.some_class_method
    # ...
  end

  def some_instance_method
    # ...
  end

  def some_old_method
    # ...
  end

  extend Gem::Deprecate
  deprecate :some_instance_method, "X.z", 2011, 4
  rubygems_deprecate :some_old_method, "Modern#some_new_method"

  class << self
    extend Gem::Deprecate
    deprecate :some_class_method, :none, 2011, 4
  end
end

Example usage of rubygems_deprecate_command:

class Gem::Commands::QueryCommand < Gem::Command
  extend Gem::Deprecate
  rubygems_deprecate_command

  # ...
end

Example usage of skip_during:

class TestSomething < Gem::Testcase
  def test_some_thing_with_deprecations
    Gem::Deprecate.skip_during do
      actual_stdout, actual_stderr = capture_output do
        Gem.something_deprecated
      end
      assert_empty actual_stdout
      assert_equal(expected, actual_stderr)
    end
  end
end

Constants

DEFAULT_HOST
GEM_DEP_FILES
LOADED_SPECS_MUTEX
MARSHAL_SPEC_DIR

Location of Marshal quick gemspecs on remote repositories

RDoc

Gem::RDoc provides methods to generate RDoc and ri data for installed gems upon gem installation.

This file is automatically required by RubyGems 1.9 and newer.

REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_GEM_SUBDIRECTORIES

Subdirectories in a gem repository for default gems

REPOSITORY_SUBDIRECTORIES

Subdirectories in a gem repository

RUBYGEMS_DIR
VERSION
WIN_PATTERNS

An Array of Regexps that match windows Ruby platforms.

Attributes

disable_system_update_message [RW]

RubyGems distributors (like operating system package managers) can disable RubyGems update by setting this to error message printed to end-users on gem update –system instead of actual update.

discover_gems_on_require [RW]

Whether RubyGems should enhance builtin ‘require` to automatically check whether the path required is present in installed gems, and automatically activate them and add them to `$LOAD_PATH`.

done_installing_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::DependencyInstaller installs a set of gems

gemdeps [R]

GemDependencyAPI object, which is set when .use_gemdeps is called. This contains all the information from the Gemfile.

loaded_specs [R]

Hash of loaded Gem::Specification keyed by name

post_build_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install extracts files and builds extensions

post_install_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Installer#install completes installation

post_reset_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Specification.reset is run.

post_uninstall_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run after Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall completes installation

pre_install_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Installer#install does any work

pre_reset_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Specification.reset is run.

pre_uninstall_hooks [R]

The list of hooks to be run before Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall does any work

Public Class Methods

activated_gem_paths ()

The number of paths in the +$LOAD_PATH+ from activated gems. Used to prioritize -I and ENV['RUBYLIB'] entries during require.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 592
def self.activated_gem_paths
  @activated_gem_paths ||= 0
end
add_to_load_path (*paths)

Add a list of paths to the $LOAD_PATH at the proper place.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 599
def self.add_to_load_path(*paths)
  @activated_gem_paths = activated_gem_paths + paths.size

  # gem directories must come after -I and ENV['RUBYLIB']
  $LOAD_PATH.insert(Gem.load_path_insert_index, *paths)
end
bin_path (name, exec_name = nil, *requirements)

Find the full path to the executable for gem name. If the exec_name is not given, an exception will be raised, otherwise the specified executable’s path is returned. requirements allows you to specify specific gem versions.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 238
def self.bin_path(name, exec_name = nil, *requirements)
  requirements = Gem::Requirement.default if
    requirements.empty?

  find_spec_for_exe(name, exec_name, requirements).bin_file exec_name
end
binary_mode ()

The mode needed to read a file as straight binary.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 292
def self.binary_mode
  "rb"
end
bindir (install_dir=Gem.dir)

The path where gem executables are to be installed.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 299
def self.bindir(install_dir=Gem.dir)
  return File.join install_dir, "bin" unless
    install_dir.to_s == Gem.default_dir.to_s
  Gem.default_bindir
end
cache_home ()

The path to standard location of the user’s cache directory.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 147
def self.cache_home
  @cache_home ||= ENV["XDG_CACHE_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".cache")
end
clear_default_specs ()

Clear default gem related variables. It is for test

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1270
def clear_default_specs
  @path_to_default_spec_map.clear
end
clear_paths ()

Reset the dir and path values. The next time dir or path is requested, the values will be calculated from scratch. This is mainly used by the unit tests to provide test isolation.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 317
def self.clear_paths
  @paths         = nil
  @user_home     = nil
  Gem::Specification.reset
  Gem::Security.reset if defined?(Gem::Security)
end
config_file ()

The path to standard location of the user’s .gemrc file.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 133
def self.config_file
  @config_file ||= find_config_file
end
config_home ()

The path to standard location of the user’s configuration directory.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 114
def self.config_home
  @config_home ||= ENV["XDG_CONFIG_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".config")
end
configuration ()

The standard configuration object for gems.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 327
def self.configuration
  @configuration ||= Gem::ConfigFile.new []
end
configuration= (config)

Use the given configuration object (which implements the ConfigFile protocol) as the standard configuration object.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 335
def self.configuration=(config)
  @configuration = config
end
data_home ()

The path to standard location of the user’s data directory.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 154
def self.data_home
  @data_home ||= ENV["XDG_DATA_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".local", "share")
end
default_bindir ()

The default directory for binaries

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 204
def self.default_bindir
  RbConfig::CONFIG["bindir"]
end
default_cert_path ()

The default signing certificate chain path

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 228
def self.default_cert_path
  default_cert_path = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "gem-public_cert.pem"

  unless File.exist?(default_cert_path)
    default_cert_path = File.join Gem.data_home, "gem", "gem-public_cert.pem"
  end

  default_cert_path
end
default_dir ()

Default home directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 37
def self.default_dir
  @default_dir ||= File.join(RbConfig::CONFIG["rubylibprefix"], "gems", RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"])
end
default_exec_format ()

Deduce Ruby’s –program-prefix and –program-suffix from its install name

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 186
def self.default_exec_format
  exec_format = begin
                  RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_install_name"].sub("ruby", "%s")
                rescue StandardError
                  "%s"
                end

  unless exec_format.include?("%s")
    raise Gem::Exception,
      "[BUG] invalid exec_format #{exec_format.inspect}, no %s"
  end

  exec_format
end
default_ext_dir_for (base_dir)

Returns binary extensions dir for specified RubyGems base dir or nil if such directory cannot be determined.

By default, the binary extensions are located side by side with their Ruby counterparts, therefore nil is returned

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 48
def self.default_ext_dir_for(base_dir)
  nil
end
default_key_path ()

The default signing key path

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 215
def self.default_key_path
  default_key_path = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "gem-private_key.pem"

  unless File.exist?(default_key_path)
    default_key_path = File.join Gem.data_home, "gem", "gem-private_key.pem"
  end

  default_key_path
end
default_path ()

Default gem load path

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 175
def self.default_path
  path = []
  path << user_dir if user_home && File.exist?(user_home)
  path << default_dir
  path << vendor_dir if vendor_dir && File.directory?(vendor_dir)
  path
end
default_rubygems_dirs ()

Paths where RubyGems’ .rb files and bin files are installed

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 55
def self.default_rubygems_dirs
  nil # default to standard layout
end
default_sources ()

An Array of the default sources that come with RubyGems

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 15
def self.default_sources
  %w[https://rubygems.org/]
end
default_spec_cache_dir ()

Default spec directory path to be used if an alternate value is not specified in the environment

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 23
def self.default_spec_cache_dir
  default_spec_cache_dir = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gem", "specs"

  unless File.exist?(default_spec_cache_dir)
    default_spec_cache_dir = File.join Gem.cache_home, "gem", "specs"
  end

  default_spec_cache_dir
end
default_specifications_dir ()

Path to specification files of default gems.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 62
def self.default_specifications_dir
  @default_specifications_dir ||= File.join(Gem.default_dir, "specifications", "default")
end
deflate (data)

A Zlib::Deflate.deflate wrapper

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 342
def self.deflate(data)
  require "zlib"
  Zlib::Deflate.deflate data
end
dir ()

The path where gems are to be installed.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 390
def self.dir
  paths.home
end
done_installing (&hook)

Adds a post-installs hook that will be passed a Gem::DependencyInstaller and a list of installed specifications when Gem::DependencyInstaller#install is complete

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 703
def self.done_installing(&hook)
  @done_installing_hooks << hook
end
dynamic_library_suffixes ()

Suffixes for dynamic library require-able paths.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 977
def self.dynamic_library_suffixes
  @dynamic_library_suffixes ||= suffixes - [".rb"]
end
ensure_default_gem_subdirectories (dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)

Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories for handling default gems. If we can’t create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.

If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.

World-writable directories will never be created.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 441
def self.ensure_default_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)
  ensure_subdirectories(dir, mode, REPOSITORY_DEFAULT_GEM_SUBDIRECTORIES)
end
ensure_gem_subdirectories (dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)

Quietly ensure the Gem directory dir contains all the proper subdirectories. If we can’t create a directory due to a permission problem, then we will silently continue.

If mode is given, missing directories are created with this mode.

World-writable directories will never be created.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 428
def self.ensure_gem_subdirectories(dir = Gem.dir, mode = nil)
  ensure_subdirectories(dir, mode, REPOSITORY_SUBDIRECTORIES)
end
env_requirement (gem_name)
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 845
def self.env_requirement(gem_name)
  @env_requirements_by_name ||= {}
  @env_requirements_by_name[gem_name] ||= begin
    req = ENV["GEM_REQUIREMENT_#{gem_name.upcase}"] || ">= 0"
    Gem::Requirement.create(req)
  end
end
find_config_file ()

Finds the user’s config file

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 121
def self.find_config_file
  gemrc = File.join Gem.user_home, ".gemrc"
  if File.exist? gemrc
    gemrc
  else
    File.join Gem.config_home, "gem", "gemrc"
  end
end
find_default_spec (path)

Find a Gem::Specification of default gem from path

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1255
def find_default_spec(path)
  @path_to_default_spec_map[path]
end
find_files (glob, check_load_path=true)

Returns a list of paths matching glob that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems. For example:

Gem.find_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end

if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.

Note that find_files will return all files even if they are from different versions of the same gem. See also find_latest_files

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 492
def self.find_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
  files = []

  files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path

  gem_specifications = @gemdeps ? Gem.loaded_specs.values : Gem::Specification.stubs

  files.concat gem_specifications.map {|spec|
    spec.matches_for_glob("#{glob}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}")
  }.flatten

  # $LOAD_PATH might contain duplicate entries or reference
  # the spec dirs directly, so we prune.
  files.uniq! if check_load_path

  files
end
find_latest_files (glob, check_load_path=true)

Returns a list of paths matching glob from the latest gems that can be used by a gem to pick up features from other gems. For example:

Gem.find_latest_files('rdoc/discover').each do |path| load path end

if check_load_path is true (the default), then find_latest_files also searches $LOAD_PATH for files as well as gems.

Unlike find_files, find_latest_files will return only files from the latest version of a gem.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 529
def self.find_latest_files(glob, check_load_path=true)
  files = []

  files = find_files_from_load_path glob if check_load_path

  files.concat Gem::Specification.latest_specs(true).map {|spec|
    spec.matches_for_glob("#{glob}#{Gem.suffix_pattern}")
  }.flatten

  # $LOAD_PATH might contain duplicate entries or reference
  # the spec dirs directly, so we prune.
  files.uniq! if check_load_path

  files
end
find_unresolved_default_spec (path)

Find an unresolved Gem::Specification of default gem from path

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1262
def find_unresolved_default_spec(path)
  default_spec = @path_to_default_spec_map[path]
  default_spec if default_spec && loaded_specs[default_spec.name] != default_spec
end
finish_resolve (request_set=Gem::RequestSet.new)
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 223
def self.finish_resolve(request_set=Gem::RequestSet.new)
  request_set.import Gem::Specification.unresolved_deps.values
  request_set.import Gem.loaded_specs.values.map {|s| Gem::Dependency.new(s.name, s.version) }

  request_set.resolve_current.each do |s|
    s.full_spec.activate
  end
end
freebsd_platform? ()

Is this platform FreeBSD

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1047
def self.freebsd_platform?
  RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"].to_s.include?("bsd")
end
host ()

Get the default RubyGems API host. This is normally https://rubygems.org.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 564
def self.host
  @host ||= Gem::DEFAULT_HOST
end
host= (host)

Set the default RubyGems API host.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 570
def self.host=(host)
  @host = host
end
install (name, version = Gem::Requirement.default, *options)

Top level install helper method. Allows you to install gems interactively:

% irb
>> Gem.install "minitest"
Fetching: minitest-5.14.0.gem (100%)
=> [#<Gem::Specification:0x1013b4528 @name="minitest", ...>]
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 553
def self.install(name, version = Gem::Requirement.default, *options)
  require_relative "rubygems/dependency_installer"
  inst = Gem::DependencyInstaller.new(*options)
  inst.install name, version
  inst.installed_gems
end
java_platform? ()

Is this a java platform?

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1033
def self.java_platform?
  RUBY_PLATFORM == "java"
end
latest_rubygems_version ()

Returns the latest release version of RubyGems.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 870
def self.latest_rubygems_version
  latest_version_for("rubygems-update") ||
    raise("Can't find 'rubygems-update' in any repo. Check `gem source list`.")
end
latest_spec_for (name)

Returns the latest release-version specification for the gem name.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 857
def self.latest_spec_for(name)
  dependency   = Gem::Dependency.new name
  fetcher      = Gem::SpecFetcher.fetcher
  spec_tuples, = fetcher.spec_for_dependency dependency

  spec, = spec_tuples.last

  spec
end
latest_version_for (name)

Returns the version of the latest release-version of gem name

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 878
def self.latest_version_for(name)
  latest_spec_for(name)&.version
end
load_env_plugins ()

Find all ‘rubygems_plugin’ files in $LOAD_PATH and load them

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1082
def self.load_env_plugins
  load_plugin_files find_files_from_load_path("rubygems_plugin")
end
load_path_insert_index ()

The index to insert activated gem paths into the $LOAD_PATH. The activated gem’s paths are inserted before site lib directory by default.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 578
def self.load_path_insert_index
  $LOAD_PATH.each_with_index do |path, i|
    return i if path.instance_variable_defined?(:@gem_prelude_index)
  end

  index = $LOAD_PATH.index RbConfig::CONFIG["sitelibdir"]

  index || 0
end
load_plugins ()

Find rubygems plugin files in the standard location and load them

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1073
def self.load_plugins
  Gem.path.each do |gem_path|
    load_plugin_files Gem::Util.glob_files_in_dir("*#{Gem.plugin_suffix_pattern}", plugindir(gem_path))
  end
end
load_safe_marshal ()
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 624
def self.load_safe_marshal
  return if @safe_marshal_loaded

  require_relative "rubygems/safe_marshal"

  @safe_marshal_loaded = true
end
load_yaml ()

Loads YAML, preferring Psych

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 611
def self.load_yaml
  return if @yaml_loaded

  require "psych"
  require_relative "rubygems/psych_tree"

  require_relative "rubygems/safe_yaml"

  @yaml_loaded = true
end
location_of_caller (depth = 1)

The file name and line number of the caller of the caller of this method.

depth is how many layers up the call stack it should go.

e.g.,

def a; Gem.location_of_caller; end a #=> [“x.rb”, 2] # (it’ll vary depending on file name and line number)

def b; c; end def c; Gem.location_of_caller(2); end b #=> [“x.rb”, 6] # (it’ll vary depending on file name and line number)

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 646
def self.location_of_caller(depth = 1)
  caller[depth] =~ /(.*?):(\d+).*?$/i
  file = $1
  lineno = $2.to_i

  [file, lineno]
end
marshal_version ()

The version of the Marshal format for your Ruby.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 657
def self.marshal_version
  "#{Marshal::MAJOR_VERSION}.#{Marshal::MINOR_VERSION}"
end
needs () { |rs| ... }
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 215
def self.needs
  rs = Gem::RequestSet.new

  yield rs

  finish_resolve rs
end
open_file (path, flags, &block)

Open a file with given flags

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 793
def self.open_file(path, flags, &block)
  File.open(path, flags, &block)
end
open_file_with_flock (path) { |io| ... }

Open a file with given flags, and protect access with flock

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 810
def self.open_file_with_flock(path, &block)
  mode = IO::RDONLY | IO::APPEND | IO::CREAT | IO::BINARY
  mode |= IO::SHARE_DELETE if IO.const_defined?(:SHARE_DELETE)

  File.open(path, mode) do |io|
    begin
      io.flock(File::LOCK_EX)
    rescue Errno::ENOSYS, Errno::ENOTSUP
    rescue Errno::ENOLCK # NFS
      raise unless Thread.main == Thread.current
    end
    yield io
  end
end
open_file_with_lock (path, &block)

Open a file with given flags, and protect access with a file lock

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 800
def self.open_file_with_lock(path, &block)
  file_lock = "#{path}.lock"
  open_file_with_flock(file_lock, &block)
ensure
  FileUtils.rm_f file_lock
end
operating_system_defaults ()

Default options for gem commands for Ruby packagers.

The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.

Example:

def self.operating_system_defaults

{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}

end

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 286
def self.operating_system_defaults
  {}
end
path ()
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 394
def self.path
  paths.path
end
path_separator ()

How String Gem paths should be split. Overridable for esoteric platforms.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 168
def self.path_separator
  File::PATH_SEPARATOR
end
paths ()

Retrieve the PathSupport object that RubyGems uses to lookup files.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 350
def self.paths
  @paths ||= Gem::PathSupport.new(ENV)
end
paths= (env)

Initialize the filesystem paths to use from env. env is a hash-like object (typically ENV) that is queried for ‘GEM_HOME’, ‘GEM_PATH’, and ‘GEM_SPEC_CACHE’ Keys for the env hash should be Strings, and values of the hash should be Strings or nil.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 360
  def self.paths=(env)
    clear_paths
    target = {}
    env.each_pair do |k,v|
      case k
      when "GEM_HOME", "GEM_PATH", "GEM_SPEC_CACHE"
        case v
        when nil, String
          target[k] = v
        when Array
          unless Gem::Deprecate.skip
            warn <<-EOWARN
Array values in the parameter to `Gem.paths=` are deprecated.
Please use a String or nil.
An Array (#{env.inspect}) was passed in from #{caller[3]}
            EOWARN
          end
          target[k] = v.join File::PATH_SEPARATOR
        end
      else
        target[k] = v
      end
    end
    @paths = Gem::PathSupport.new ENV.to_hash.merge(target)
    Gem::Specification.dirs = @paths.path
  end
platform_defaults ()

Default options for gem commands for Ruby implementers.

The options here should be structured as an array of string “gem” command names as keys and a string of the default options as values.

Example:

def self.platform_defaults

{
    'install' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang',
    'update' => '--no-rdoc --no-ri --env-shebang'
}

end

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 305
def self.platform_defaults
  {}
end
platforms ()

Array of platforms this RubyGems supports.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 671
def self.platforms
  @platforms ||= []
  if @platforms.empty?
    @platforms = [Gem::Platform::RUBY, Gem::Platform.local]
  end
  @platforms
end
platforms= (platforms)

Set array of platforms this RubyGems supports (primarily for testing).

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 664
def self.platforms=(platforms)
  @platforms = platforms
end
plugin_suffix_pattern ()

Glob pattern for require-able plugin suffixes.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 950
def self.plugin_suffix_pattern
  @plugin_suffix_pattern ||= "_plugin#{suffix_pattern}"
end
plugin_suffix_regexp ()

Regexp for require-able plugin suffixes.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 957
def self.plugin_suffix_regexp
  @plugin_suffix_regexp ||= /_plugin#{suffix_regexp}\z/
end
plugindir (install_dir=Gem.dir)

The path were rubygems plugins are to be installed.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 308
def self.plugindir(install_dir=Gem.dir)
  File.join install_dir, "plugins"
end
post_build (&hook)

Adds a post-build hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called. The hook is called after the gem has been extracted and extensions have been built but before the executables or gemspec has been written. If the hook returns false then the gem’s files will be removed and the install will be aborted.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 686
def self.post_build(&hook)
  @post_build_hooks << hook
end
post_install (&hook)

Adds a post-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 694
def self.post_install(&hook)
  @post_install_hooks << hook
end
post_reset (&hook)

Adds a hook that will get run after Gem::Specification.reset is run.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 711
def self.post_reset(&hook)
  @post_reset_hooks << hook
end
post_uninstall (&hook)

Adds a post-uninstall hook that will be passed a Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that was uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 720
def self.post_uninstall(&hook)
  @post_uninstall_hooks << hook
end
pre_install (&hook)

Adds a pre-install hook that will be passed an Gem::Installer instance when Gem::Installer#install is called. If the hook returns false then the install will be aborted.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 729
def self.pre_install(&hook)
  @pre_install_hooks << hook
end
pre_reset (&hook)

Adds a hook that will get run before Gem::Specification.reset is run.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 737
def self.pre_reset(&hook)
  @pre_reset_hooks << hook
end
pre_uninstall (&hook)

Adds a pre-uninstall hook that will be passed an Gem::Uninstaller instance and the spec that will be uninstalled when Gem::Uninstaller#uninstall is called

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 746
def self.pre_uninstall(&hook)
  @pre_uninstall_hooks << hook
end
prefix ()

The directory prefix this RubyGems was installed at. If your prefix is in a standard location (ie, rubygems is installed where you’d expect it to be), then prefix returns nil.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 755
def self.prefix
  prefix = File.dirname RUBYGEMS_DIR

  if prefix != File.expand_path(RbConfig::CONFIG["sitelibdir"]) &&
     prefix != File.expand_path(RbConfig::CONFIG["libdir"]) &&
     File.basename(RUBYGEMS_DIR) == "lib"
    prefix
  end
end
read_binary (path)

Safely read a file in binary mode on all platforms.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 775
def self.read_binary(path)
  File.binread(path)
end
refresh ()

Refresh available gems from disk.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 768
def self.refresh
  Gem::Specification.reset
end
register_default_spec (spec)

Register a Gem::Specification for default gem.

Two formats for the specification are supported:

  • MRI 2.0 style, where spec.files contains unprefixed require names. The spec’s filenames will be registered as-is.

  • New style, where spec.files contains files prefixed with paths from spec.require_paths. The prefixes are stripped before registering the spec’s filenames. Unprefixed files are omitted.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1230
def register_default_spec(spec)
  extended_require_paths = spec.require_paths.map {|f| f + "/" }
  new_format = extended_require_paths.any? {|path| spec.files.any? {|f| f.start_with? path } }

  if new_format
    prefix_group = extended_require_paths.join("|")
    prefix_pattern = /^(#{prefix_group})/
  end

  spec.files.each do |file|
    if new_format
      file = file.sub(prefix_pattern, "")
      next unless $~
    end

    spec.activate if already_loaded?(file)

    @path_to_default_spec_map[file] = spec
    @path_to_default_spec_map[file.sub(suffix_regexp, "")] = spec
  end
end
ruby ()

The path to the running Ruby interpreter.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 828
def self.ruby
  if @ruby.nil?
    @ruby = RbConfig.ruby

    @ruby = "\"#{@ruby}\"" if /\s/.match?(@ruby)
  end

  @ruby
end
ruby_api_version ()

Returns a String containing the API compatibility version of Ruby

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 841
def self.ruby_api_version
  @ruby_api_version ||= target_rbconfig["ruby_version"].dup
end
ruby_engine ()
# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 208
def self.ruby_engine
  RUBY_ENGINE
end
ruby_version ()

A Gem::Version for the currently running Ruby.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 885
def self.ruby_version
  return @ruby_version if defined? @ruby_version
  version = RUBY_VERSION.dup

  if RUBY_PATCHLEVEL == -1
    if RUBY_ENGINE == "ruby"
      desc = RUBY_DESCRIPTION[/\Aruby #{Regexp.quote(RUBY_VERSION)}([^ ]+) /, 1]
    else
      desc = RUBY_DESCRIPTION[/\A#{RUBY_ENGINE} #{Regexp.quote(RUBY_ENGINE_VERSION)} \(#{RUBY_VERSION}([^ ]+)\) /, 1]
    end
    version << ".#{desc}" if desc
  end

  @ruby_version = Gem::Version.new version
end
rubygems_version ()

A Gem::Version for the currently running RubyGems

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 904
def self.rubygems_version
  return @rubygems_version if defined? @rubygems_version
  @rubygems_version = Gem::Version.new Gem::VERSION
end
set_target_rbconfig (rbconfig_path)
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 412
def self.set_target_rbconfig(rbconfig_path)
  @target_rbconfig = Gem::TargetRbConfig.from_path(rbconfig_path)
  Gem::Platform.local(refresh: true)
  Gem.platforms << Gem::Platform.local unless Gem.platforms.include? Gem::Platform.local
  @target_rbconfig
end
solaris_platform? ()

Is this platform Solaris?

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1040
def self.solaris_platform?
  RUBY_PLATFORM.include?("solaris")
end
source_date_epoch ()

Returns the value of Gem.source_date_epoch_string, as a Time object.

This is used throughout RubyGems for enabling reproducible builds.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1185
def self.source_date_epoch
  Time.at(source_date_epoch_string.to_i).utc.freeze
end
source_date_epoch_string ()

If the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, returns it’s value. Otherwise, returns the time that Gem.source_date_epoch_string was first called in the same format as SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH.

NOTE(@duckinator): The implementation is a tad weird because we want to:

1. Make builds reproducible by default, by having this function always
   return the same result during a given run.
2. Allow changing ENV['SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH'] at runtime, since multiple
   tests that set this variable will be run in a single process.

If you simplify this function and a lot of tests fail, that is likely due to #2 above.

Details on SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH: reproducible-builds.org/specs/source-date-epoch/

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1166
def self.source_date_epoch_string
  # The value used if $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is not set.
  @default_source_date_epoch ||= Time.now.to_i.to_s

  specified_epoch = ENV["SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"]

  # If it's empty or just whitespace, treat it like it wasn't set at all.
  specified_epoch = nil if !specified_epoch.nil? && specified_epoch.strip.empty?

  epoch = specified_epoch || @default_source_date_epoch

  epoch.strip
end
sources ()

Returns an Array of sources to fetch remote gems from. Uses default_sources if the sources list is empty.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 913
def self.sources
  source_list = configuration.sources || default_sources
  @sources ||= Gem::SourceList.from(source_list)
end
sources= (new_sources)

Need to be able to set the sources without calling Gem.sources.replace since that would cause an infinite loop.

DOC: This comment is not documentation about the method itself, it’s more of a code comment about the implementation.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 925
def self.sources=(new_sources)
  if !new_sources
    @sources = nil
  else
    @sources = Gem::SourceList.from(new_sources)
  end
end
spec_cache_dir ()
# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 398
def self.spec_cache_dir
  paths.spec_cache_dir
end
state_file ()

The path to standard location of the user’s state file.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 140
def self.state_file
  @state_file ||= File.join(Gem.state_home, "gem", "last_update_check")
end
state_home ()

The path to standard location of the user’s state directory.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 161
def self.state_home
  @state_home ||= ENV["XDG_STATE_HOME"] || File.join(Gem.user_home, ".local", "state")
end
suffix_pattern ()

Glob pattern for require-able path suffixes.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 936
def self.suffix_pattern
  @suffix_pattern ||= "{#{suffixes.join(",")}}"
end
suffix_regexp ()

Regexp for require-able path suffixes.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 943
def self.suffix_regexp
  @suffix_regexp ||= /#{Regexp.union(suffixes)}\z/
end
suffixes ()

Suffixes for require-able paths.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 964
def self.suffixes
  @suffixes ||= ["",
                 ".rb",
                 *%w[DLEXT DLEXT2].map do |key|
                   val = RbConfig::CONFIG[key]
                   next unless val && !val.empty?
                   ".#{val}"
                 end].compact.uniq
end
target_rbconfig ()

The RbConfig object for the deployment target platform.

This is usually the same as the running platform, but may be different if you are cross-compiling.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 408
def self.target_rbconfig
  @target_rbconfig || Gem::TargetRbConfig.for_running_ruby
end
time (msg, width = 0, display = Gem.configuration.verbose) { || ... }

Prints the amount of time the supplied block takes to run using the debug UI output.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 985
def self.time(msg, width = 0, display = Gem.configuration.verbose)
  now = Time.now

  value = yield

  elapsed = Time.now - now

  ui.say format("%2$*1$s: %3$3.3fs", -width, msg, elapsed) if display

  value
end
try_activate (path)

Try to activate a gem containing path. Returns true if activation succeeded or wasn’t needed because it was already activated. Returns false if it can’t find the path in a gem.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 190
def self.try_activate(path)
  # finds the _latest_ version... regardless of loaded specs and their deps
  # if another gem had a requirement that would mean we shouldn't
  # activate the latest version, then either it would already be activated
  # or if it was ambiguous (and thus unresolved) the code in our custom
  # require will try to activate the more specific version.

  spec = Gem::Specification.find_by_path path
  return false unless spec
  return true if spec.activated?

  begin
    spec.activate
  rescue Gem::LoadError => e # this could fail due to gem dep collisions, go lax
    spec_by_name = Gem::Specification.find_by_name(spec.name)
    if spec_by_name.nil?
      raise e
    else
      spec_by_name.activate
    end
  end

  true
end
ui ()

Lazily loads DefaultUserInteraction and returns the default UI.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1000
def self.ui
  require_relative "rubygems/user_interaction"

  Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui
end
use_gemdeps (path = nil)

Looks for a gem dependency file at path and activates the gems in the file if found. If the file is not found an ArgumentError is raised.

If path is not given the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable is used, but if no file is found no exception is raised.

If ‘-’ is given for path RubyGems searches up from the current working directory for gem dependency files (gem.deps.rb, Gemfile, Isolate) and activates the gems in the first one found.

You can run this automatically when rubygems starts. To enable, set the RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS environment variable to either the path of your gem dependencies file or “-” to auto-discover in parent directories.

NOTE: Enabling automatic discovery on multiuser systems can lead to execution of arbitrary code when used from directories outside your control.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1106
def self.use_gemdeps(path = nil)
  raise_exception = path

  path ||= ENV["RUBYGEMS_GEMDEPS"]
  return unless path

  path = path.dup

  if path == "-"
    Gem::Util.traverse_parents Dir.pwd do |directory|
      dep_file = GEM_DEP_FILES.find {|f| File.file?(f) }

      next unless dep_file

      path = File.join directory, dep_file
      break
    end
  end

  unless File.file? path
    return unless raise_exception

    raise ArgumentError, "Unable to find gem dependencies file at #{path}"
  end

  ENV["BUNDLE_GEMFILE"] ||= File.expand_path(path)
  require_relative "rubygems/user_interaction"
  require "bundler"
  begin
    Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.use_ui(ui) do
      Bundler.ui.silence do
        @gemdeps = Bundler.setup
      end
    ensure
      Gem::DefaultUserInteraction.ui.close
    end
  rescue Bundler::BundlerError => e
    warn e.message
    warn "You may need to `bundle install` to install missing gems"
    warn ""
  end
end
use_paths (home, *paths)

Use the home and paths values for Gem.dir and Gem.path. Used mainly by the unit tests to provide environment isolation.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1010
def self.use_paths(home, *paths)
  paths.flatten!
  paths.compact!
  hash = { "GEM_HOME" => home, "GEM_PATH" => paths.empty? ? home : paths.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR) }
  hash.delete_if {|_, v| v.nil? }
  self.paths = hash
end
user_dir ()

Path for gems in the user’s home directory

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 103
def self.user_dir
  gem_dir = File.join(Gem.user_home, ".gem")
  gem_dir = File.join(Gem.data_home, "gem") unless File.exist?(gem_dir)
  parts = [gem_dir, ruby_engine]
  parts << RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"] unless RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"].empty?
  File.join parts
end
user_home ()

The home directory for the user.

# File lib/rubygems/defaults.rb, line 96
def self.user_home
  @user_home ||= find_home
end
win_platform? ()

Is this a windows platform?

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 1021
def self.win_platform?
  if @@win_platform.nil?
    ruby_platform = RbConfig::CONFIG["host_os"]
    @@win_platform = !WIN_PATTERNS.find {|r| ruby_platform =~ r }.nil?
  end

  @@win_platform
end
write_binary (path, data)

Safely write a file in binary mode on all platforms.

# File lib/rubygems.rb, line 782
def self.write_binary(path, data)
  File.binwrite(path, data)
rescue Errno::ENOSPC
  # If we ran out of space but the file exists, it's *guaranteed* to be corrupted.
  File.delete(path) if File.exist?(path)
  raise
end